Glossary
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- Apply tension
Use any procedure necessary to achieve the required bolt tension.
- Bolt tension tightening
Tightening method where the tightening tool is controlled in real-time in direct relation to the measurement of the bolt tension.
- Bolted assembly
A means of attaching parts together using a nut + bolt or a stud which can be dismantled.
- CETIM
Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (Technical Center for Mechanical Industry) which has a number of specialized centers offering training and consulting services related to TRAXX’s specializations: bolted assembly engineering, metrological surveys, mechanical component wear and industrial performance.
- Cofrend
The French confederation for non-invasive testing techniques. Association which defines and administrates the national certification system for the training of operatives for non-invasive testing.
- Contrôles Non Destructifs (NDT – Non-Destructive Tests)
Tests and evaluations which indirectly measure material properties or detect and measure faults in parts or assemblies without destroying them. TRAXX is classed in the NDT field even though its units are used in manufacturing and not just for testing.
- Controlled tightening
Tightening method during which the tension is measured directly.
- Elasticity threshold
When a screw/bolt is tightened, it is elongated by the tension. As long as the screw remains within its elasticity threshold, it will return to its original form when the applied tension is released. If the force increases further, the screw/bolt will elongate until it breaks. It will become plastic when the screw, being over-tightened, no longer returns to its original form when the tension is released.
The third phase is breakage.
- Friction coefficient
Coefficient, between zero and one, which measures the degree of friction between two parts.
- Over-tightening
Either the screw or assembled parts are warped (elastic threshold exceeded).
- Probe
Synonymous with an ultrasound transducer or sensor.
- Screwed joint
Same as bolted assembly
- Tightening
Action affected, by applying tension, to an assembly to hold the parts together.
- Tightening tension
Compression force applied between the assembled parts by the screw/bolt subjected to it by traction. Expressed in Newtons (N) or, more practically, kilo-Newtons (kN).
1 N = 0.1019 kgf.
1 kN = 101.9 kgf.
- Torque
Rotary force applied to the head of a screw or bolt in order to tighten it.
Expressed in N.m (Newton.meter) or daN.m.
- Transducer
Synonymous with an ultrasound probe or sensor.
- Ultrasound
Acoustic vibration at a frequency that exceeds the upper limits of the human ear, between 20 kHz and a few tens of MHz Propagates very efficiently inside steel at frequencies of a few MHz
- Ultrasound sensor
Piezoelectric ultrasound sender-receiver, placed on the bolthead during measurement. Synonymous with an ultrasound transducer or probe.
- Ultrasound tension measurement
Methods that use the propagation of ultrasound waves inside materials to measure bolt tension.
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