{"id":4803,"date":"2024-11-14T15:48:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T14:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/?p=4803"},"modified":"2025-03-07T14:47:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T13:47:56","slug":"bolt-self-loosening-transverse-joint-slip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/2024\/11\/14\/bolt-self-loosening-transverse-joint-slip\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolt self-loosening because of transverse joint slip"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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For over 50 years, it has been understood that the movement of joint plates can cause securing bolts to self-loosen. Early research by Gerald Junker, followed by many others, revealed that if transverse joint slip<\/a> occurs, the simultaneous slippage of the bolt head, nut face, and thread interface temporarily releases the fastener from friction. Without friction, the load on the bolt, acting on the inclined plane of the thread, allows the bolt to rotate slightly. Repeated joint movement continues this self-loosening process until the bolt is completely unloaded.<\/span><\/p>

The rate at which a bolt loosens depends on the magnitude of the joint movement, the fastener’s friction, and the bolt’s grip length. Preventing thread slip, for example, with an adhesive, or stopping head rotation, such as with a wedge-lock washer, can prevent self-loosening.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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How does progressive bolt loosening occur?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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In a non-locked fastener, when a transverse load exceeds the friction grip provided by the bolts, the joint interface slips. The thread interface and bolt head may not slip immediately due to the friction grip from the bolt load, causing the bolt to bend slightly. If the force continues to rise, joint movement persists. As the joint displaces further, the force on the bolt due to its bending resistance increases. A critical point is reached where this force exceeds the friction grip capacity of the bolt load, initiating thread and head slip. Loosening occurs when the bolt head or nut slips on the joint surface. Longer grip length bolts are more resistant to loosening than shorter bolts. Under small transverse joint movements, the bolt bends rather than slipping at the head or thread bearing surfaces. The amount of joint movement needed to initiate slip of the bolt bearing surface is referred to as the \u2018critical slip distance\u2019. A short grip length bolt may have a critical slip distance of less than 0.1 mm, whereas a long grip length bolt may have a critical slip distance of 0.5 mm or more. Hence, if the joint movement is limited to 0.2 mm, the short grip length bolt would loosen, whereas the long bolt wouldn\u2019t. Close fit clearance holes can be used to restrict joint movement so that the hole’s wall contacts the bolt shank before head or thread slip occurs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Junker Test: assessing the loosening resistance of a fastener<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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If loosening is prevented by a locking method or a long grip length, the bolt sustains bending stresses due to the friction grip from the bolt load acting on the head\/nut. Frequent joint movement can lead to bolt fatigue failure. A standard test for assessing the loosening resistance of a fastener is the Junker test, which measures bolt load as the joint is repeatedly subjected to transverse movement. If a locking method, such as a wedge-lock washer, is tested, self-loosening does not occur. Typically, the fastener is tested for around 1000 cycles, and if no significant loosening occurs, it is deemed resistant to self-loosening. If testing continues, it is usually found that after about 3000 cycles, the bolt load starts to decrease as a fatigue crack propagates through the bolt until it fractures completely. Bolt loosening is a short-term consequence of transverse joint movement, while fatigue is a longer-term consequence.<\/span><\/p>

Due to its lower bending stiffness, a long bolt will sustain less bending stress than a short bolt with a locking method applied. Consequently, in applications where repeated joint movement cannot be prevented, long grip length bolts can offer a design advantage.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bolt self-loosening due to transverse joint slip occurs through a process where the friction that normally holds the bolt in place is overcome by movement within the joint.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nHow does bolt self-loosening occur due to transverse joint slip?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bolt self-loosening due to transverse joint slip occurs through a process where the friction that normally holds the bolt in place is overcome by movement within the joint.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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