{"id":4542,"date":"2024-06-15T08:27:58","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T06:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/?p=4542"},"modified":"2024-08-05T15:42:50","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T13:42:50","slug":"monitoring-bolt-tension-using-an-fiber-optic-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/2024\/06\/15\/monitoring-bolt-tension-using-an-fiber-optic-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Monitoring bolt load using an fiber optic sensor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4542\" class=\"elementor elementor-4542\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-847880a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"847880a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f76a09\" data-id=\"4f76a09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c9cb41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c9cb41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/BOLT-LOAD-USING-AN-FIBER-BRAGG-GRATING-SENSOR.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4548\" alt=\"BOLT LOAD USING AN FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSOR\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/BOLT-LOAD-USING-AN-FIBER-BRAGG-GRATING-SENSOR.png 850w, https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/BOLT-LOAD-USING-AN-FIBER-BRAGG-GRATING-SENSOR-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/BOLT-LOAD-USING-AN-FIBER-BRAGG-GRATING-SENSOR-768x247.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2c9db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd2c9db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d157b0\" data-id=\"3d157b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-520901b elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"520901b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__520901b\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75871157 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75871157\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd48c1f\" data-id=\"bd48c1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1496f198 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1496f198\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">This article delves into a detailed examination of this approach, shedding light on its significant advantages, particularly in the context of monitoring critical assemblies in challenging environments.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-151c8ee7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"151c8ee7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4703e7f1\" data-id=\"4703e7f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b516c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b516c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An introduction to monitoring torque in bolts using an embedded fiber optic sensor <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239a4c78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239a4c78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-328a7fd8\" data-id=\"328a7fd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a6bb6d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a6bb6d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Bolts are ubiquitous in industrial engineering, playing a crucial role in assessing their tightness and predicting the service life of bolted connections. This estimation aids in cost savings and enhances the efficiency of engineering maintenance programs. The primary failure mode observed in bolted joints is the loosening of nuts and bolts due to changes induced by contact pressure, jeopardizing safety. Additionally, torque wrenches used for fastening bolt joints are susceptible to errors, mainly attributed to pre-tightening forces, including friction and lubricant levels. Consequently, there is an escalating focus on bolt load monitoring and control, with various methods such as ultrasonic measurements, active piezoelectric sensing, and piezoelectric impedance approach explored in the literature.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d01767 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d01767\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67817485\" data-id=\"67817485\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fd8ce36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fd8ce36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Testing pre-tightening force and thread fatigue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-38e2f42d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38e2f42d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77ed2d36\" data-id=\"77ed2d36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63bcb15e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63bcb15e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">With the surge in sustainable energy, modern offshore wind turbines, comprising numerous components, demand meticulous attention. A significant percentage of bolts in a turbine must undergo regular sampling for visual inspection and non-destructive testing. Each turbine tower, consisting of approximately 450\u2013500 bolts, necessitates testing for pre-tightening force and thread fatigue. Insufficient pre-tension between bolted flanged connections is a major cause of bolt malfunction, resulting from constant and repeated loading, generating significant friction and reducing tightening force. Traditional bolt monitoring approaches rely on the tightness of the bolt connection, and various methods such as ultrasonic and piezoelectric impedance face challenges due to the need for expensive equipment.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b0a4314 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b0a4314\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2461aba9\" data-id=\"2461aba9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1c9a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b1c9a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors\u00a0?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-127a2008 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"127a2008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors emerge as a favorable choice for bolted joint monitoring due to their precision, lightweight, and low electromagnetic interference. The literature reveals diverse applications of fiber optic sensor in bolt tension monitoring, incorporating different fixation methods and demonstrating varied responses. In this study, we propose a novel FBG-based bolt torque sensor for measuring pre-tightening force, facilitating remote monitoring, and controlling stress conditions in wind turbines. This approach aims to ascertain the tightening status and structural health of wind turbine bolts while minimizing the time and cost associated with bolt inspection. The implications of this research extend to large-scale facilities and structural engineering in areas such as railways, bridges, and construction sites.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f0b7377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f0b7377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b132ad2\" data-id=\"b132ad2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70742bb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70742bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do you measure bolt load using a fiber optic sensor  ?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-241566db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"241566db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5579366c\" data-id=\"5579366c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dfc375f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dfc375f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Employing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S003040262300791X\">fiber optic sensors for torque control<\/a> offers an advanced technical solution, leveraging the unique properties of optical transmission to ensure precise measurement of stresses exerted on bolts within an assembly. The direct integration of these sensors into the bolts provides a real-time monitoring methodology, enabling the detection and assessment of tension variations with exceptional sensitivity.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">This approach proves particularly well-suited to challenging environments where operational conditions can be severe. Strategic assemblies, subject to significant mechanical stresses, benefit from continuous and reliable monitoring through fiber optic technology. These environments often involve extreme temperature variations, frequent vibrations, or exposure to corrosive substances\u2014factors that could compromise the integrity of traditional assemblies.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f9de9ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f9de9ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33817d3a\" data-id=\"33817d3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10216bac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10216bac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why monitoring bolt load with fiber optic sensor ?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52ee9299 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52ee9299\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2074bfca\" data-id=\"2074bfca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72286378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72286378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The underlying mechanics of this solution rely on the ingenious integration of fiber optic sensors directly into screws, studs, and other threaded rods, starting from a diameter of M3. The implementation process of this technology begins with integrating an optical fiber directly into the bolt, which is secured through a specialized bonding process. This approach ensures a reliable structural connection between the bolt and the fiber, guaranteeing optimal transmission of stress variations.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Retrofitting is a possibility, meaning the modification of existing fasteners by retroactively incorporating these sensors. However, in most cases, it is more prudent to opt for the direct ordering of pre-equipped bolts with these sensors, optimizing the consistency of the entire system. This approach ensures a seamless integration and maximizes the reliability of the monitoring device.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The bolt tightening process results in elongation of the optical fiber. This phenomenon arises from the mechanical forces exerted during tightening, inducing a measurable deformation in the fiber. The strain sensor, sensitive to these variations, precisely detects changes in the fiber&rsquo;s length, providing an instantaneous and accurate readout of the stresses experienced by the bolt.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d6abf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83d6abf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key points about monitoring bolt load with fiber optic sensor<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5909074 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5909074\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Precision:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The fiber optic torque control technology offers exceptional precision in monitoring mechanical assemblies. Based on the innovative principle of integrating 0.25 mm diameter optical fibers into screws, studs, and other threaded rods, this system relies on a sophisticated methodology to ensure reliable measurement of stress variations.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Challenging Implementation and Cost:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Implementing this optical fiber is carried out with particular precision, placing the fiber in the center of a 0.5 mm axial hole and securely anchoring it to the bolt using a polymerization bonding process. This process imparts exceptional resistance to temperature exposures, reaching up to 320\u00b0C. The complexity of this procedure increases the production costs of each bolt in the assembly.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Principle: Polarimetric Interferometry:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The fiber optic technology employed relies on a patented process of polarimetric interferometry in white light. This allows precise calculation of minute length variations by emitting light, whose spectrum is a light wave. Projected onto a set of mirrors, this light generates return signals analyzed to determine the bolt&rsquo;s elongation with remarkable precision at a scale of 0.5 \u00b5m.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Interrogator Unit:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The fiber connection, whether done before or after tightening, is ensured by a connector. This connector links the probe to a device called an \u00ab\u00a0interrogator,\u00a0\u00bb remotely positioned through cable routing over distances of up to 7 kilometers. This interrogator is designed to simultaneously handle up to 1000 probes, allowing efficient and centralized management of multiple control points within a single system.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Consideration of Other Parameters:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">This same fiber optic technology, beyond its application to torque control, also offers the ability to detect temperature, pressure, and displacements with great precision. The interrogator, central to this system, orchestrates the smooth management of all these sensors, highlighting the versatility and robustness of this approach in advanced mechanical control.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f94c40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f94c40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Monitoring elongation evolution closely<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f87f89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f87f89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The elongation of bolts serves as a crucial indicator in various operational scenarios, manifesting in different ways:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Loosening of Fasteners:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">When fasteners loosen, an evolution of bolt elongation can be observed. This phenomenon, often linked to dynamic or vibrational stresses, can compromise the structural integrity of the assembly.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Expansion of the Assembly:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">When thermal expansion affects the entire assembly, bolts undergo dimensional variations, resulting in measurable elongation changes. This scenario frequently occurs in environments subject to temperature fluctuations.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Exceptional Process-Related Load:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The application of an exceptional load on the assembly, often associated with particularly demanding industrial processes, can generate significant elongation of the bolts.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Connected fasteners equipped with fiber optic sensors prove to be an ingenious solution offering dual functionality. On one hand, it allows for precise torque determination, with an impressive granularity on the order of 0.5 \u00b5m\/m. This remarkable precision ensures rigorous torque control, ensuring the mechanical stability of assemblies.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3258998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3258998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Advantages of bolt elongation measurement with fiber optic sensor <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10dbdee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10dbdee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The fiber optic monitoring solution presents a multitude of technical advantages, positioning it as an exceptional option for various industrial areas and sectors. This innovative technology boasts distinctive features that make it a versatile and highly reliable solution.<\/span><\/p><ol><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Versatility and Adaptability:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The solution easily installs on most industrial areas, offering unparalleled adaptability to various operational contexts. Its application extends across a variety of sectors, attesting to its versatility.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Non-Emissive and Resilient:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Not only is the solution non-emissive, but it also demonstrates exceptional resistance to gamma\/beta radiation, magnetic fields, and frequencies. The energy consumption is primarily attributed to the interrogator, remotely located, with a consumption of 2 to 5 watts, minimizing its energy impact.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Robust Protective Sheaths:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The diversity of protective sheaths available in the telecommunications market, several hundred in total, reinforces the solution&rsquo;s robustness. These sheaths are designed to withstand extreme conditions such as immersion up to 300 bars, shocks, chemical aggressions, radiation, and significant bending radii.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Precision and Memory Capability:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Thanks to its precision and the ability to store readings, the solution allows for detecting the evolution of an assembly&rsquo;s elongation, even offering the ability to discern signs of deterioration due to corrosion.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Resistance to Ionizing Radiation:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The pure silica composition of the optical fiber makes it particularly suitable for ionizing radiation zones, with successful tests validating its use in irradiated environments.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Extended Temperature Range:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">A key advantage of this solution lies in its extended temperature exposure range, ranging from -290\u00b0C to +320\u00b0C. The temperature-insensitive optical fiber maintains zero expansion, preserving the integrity of elongation readings.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Strategic Positioning for Insensitivity to Torque:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The strategic positioning of the sensor on the neutral axis makes it insensitive to torque phenomena, allowing exclusive visualization of elongation during tightening.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Exceptional Reliability in Harsh Environments:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The absence of disruptive emissions, coupled with the insensitivity of the optical fiber to various external factors such as radiation, magnetic fields, distances up to 3.5 km, extreme temperatures, ATEX zones, pressure, subaqueous humid environments, and radiofrequency and microwave disturbances, underscores the exceptional reliability of this solution in varied and demanding industrial environments.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-535bd05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"535bd05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disadvantages of bolt load measurement using an FBG sensor<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616aa39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616aa39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">While the fiber-optic-equipped fastening solution offers undeniable advantages, it is essential to carefully examine its potential drawbacks to understand the limitations and considerations associated with this innovative technology.<\/span><\/p><ol><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Decreased Bolt Integrity:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The perforation of the bolt for fiber optic integration results in a slight decrease in its structural integrity and, consequently, its strength. However, this degradation is considered negligible, well below conventional safety coefficients. For reference, the estimated loss on an M16 diameter bolt is approximately 2%, a level that remains well below acceptable thresholds in typical applications.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Supplier Monopoly:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">A notable drawback of this solution lies in its exclusivity, being manufactured by a single company. This exclusivity limits the opportunity for competition, compromising flexibility and negotiability in cases requiring the application of this technology. Dependence on a single supplier can have financial and operational implications.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">High Cost:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">According to some sources, the initial cost of adopting this technology can be relatively high. Specialized equipment, sensors, and interrogators required for system implementation can represent a significant investment, which can be a deterrent for some businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Installation Complexity:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Some user experiences indicate that the installation of this type of system can be more complex compared to conventional torque methods. Handling the optical fiber and coordinating different components require specific expertise, potentially leading to longer installation times and associated costs.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Specialized Maintenance:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Maintenance of the fiber-optic-equipped fastening solution may require specialized skills. Technicians must be specifically trained to diagnose and resolve potential issues related to the optical fiber, increasing the complexity of maintenance operations and potentially prolonging downtime.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Limitation of Customization Options:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Due to the exclusive nature of this solution, customization of components may be limited. Users may be restricted in their choices of specifications and configurations, which can be constraining in applications requiring precise adaptation to specific industry needs.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">It is crucial to consider these disadvantages in the overall evaluation of the solution, taking into account the specific requirements of each application and the potential trade-offs associated with adopting this particular technology.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"western\"><strong class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The ultrasonic bolt load measurement:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"> Explore an alternative solution with TRAXX-M2, an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.traxx-group.com\/en\/traxx-m2-ultrasonic-bolt-tension-meter\/\">ultrasonic bolt tension measurement system<\/a> that works on raw, unground bolts of all sizes and diameters, allowing long-term monitoring of hundreds of screws, bolts, and studs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monitoring bolt load using fiber optic sensors stands out as a highly relevant technological alternative in the broad spectrum of existing solutions for torque control. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Monitoring bolt load using an fiber optic sensor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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